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Essays and Articles
Explore thought-provoking opinion essays and analytical articles from our research crew, covering a myriad of maritime and air law topics.
The Energy Shield: Forging the Laws for Energy Resilience in National Defense System
The Energy Shield: Forging the Laws for Energy Resilience in National Defense System In the era of contemporary threats marked by geopolitical conflicts, climate change, and global supply chain disruptions, defense and security can no longer be understood solely within the military domain. One strategic sector that has yet to be fully integrated into Indonesia’s defense system is energy. In fact, the national defense system, as mandated by Law No. 3 of 2002 on State Defense and Law No. 23
Final Destination: Net-zero Emissions
Final Destination: Net-zero Emissions Despite myriad efforts ranging from legal instruments, policies, transition to renewable energies and the creation of numerous high technologies, statistic shows that carbon emissions from multiple sectors were still increasing in 2024−aviation sector has increased up to 5.5% from the previous year [1]. The average contribution of the aviation industry now reaches 2.5% of global emissions, representing a 0.3% increase from the period of 2000–2019 [2]. Nevertheless, emissions resulted from commercial and private aviation differ. The
Sands and Sensibility: Tipping the Legal, Environmental, and Economic Scale in Indonesia’s Marine Sands Exports
Sands and Sensibility: Tipping the Legal, Environmental and Economic Scale in Indonesia’s Marine Sands Exports A few nautical miles off the coast of Tanjung Balai Karimun, a small island town in Riau Archipelago Province of Indonesia, a tug boat carrying what appears to be thousands of glittering tiny white gold grains enters one’s peripheral vision. The boat moves ever so slightly as to not cause even the lightest sway that would throw even the smallest fraction of those grains. Such
Wings of Change: The National Airspace Management Bill
Wings of Change: The National Airspace Management Bill Indonesia currently lacks adequate legal instruments to regulate the management of its national airspace. This legal vacuum creates limitations in law enforcement and the utilization of national airspace. Data from AirNav indicates that Indonesia’s airspace spans 7,789,268 km² (2025). Given the vastness of this area and the various associated challenges, a concrete legal framework is essential to address these issues. Indonesia House of Representatives (DPR) has included the Draft Bill on National
Why the Skies Have No Geneva Convention?
Why the Skies Have No Geneva Convention? source: Jon Mishou on Pexels In IHL, there are four main treaties: (1) The 1949 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, (2) the 1949 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, (3) The 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, and (4) The 1949
Menilik Keuntungan Moneter dan Non-Moneter Perjanjian BBNJ: Seberapa Menguntungkan bagi Indonesia?
Menilik Keuntungan Moneter dan Non-Moneter Perjanjian BBNJ: Seberapa Menguntungkan bagi Indonesia photo: Irina Iriser on Pexel Salah satu aspek yang diatur dalam Perjanjian Keanekaragaman Hayati di Luar Yurisdiksi Nasional (BBNJ) adalah sumber daya genetik laut (SDGL) serta pembagian keuntungan atas pemanfaatannya (benefit sharing). Indonesia aktif berpartisipasi dalam Konferensi BBNJ untuk menggaungkan kepentingan global tanpa mengesampingkan kepentingan nasionalnya. Terlepas menjadi salah satu negara yang menandatangani Perjanjian BBNJ di hari pertama open for signature [1], hingga saat ini Indonesia masih dalam proses